The world of large language models (LLMs) has seen significant advancements in recent years, driven by the continuous improvement in computer memory, dataset size, and processing power. Here are some of the latest and most influential LLM models:
## BERT
Introduced by Google in 2018, BERT is a transformer-based model that can convert sequences of data to other sequences of data. It features 342 million parameters and was pre-trained on a large corpus of data, then fine-tuned to perform specific tasks such as natural language inference and sentence text similarity. BERT was used to improve query understanding in the 2019 iteration of Google search.
## Claude
Claude is an LLM created by Anthropic, focusing on constitutional AI. It shapes AI outputs guided by principles to ensure the AI assistant is helpful, harmless, and accurate. The latest iteration is Claude 3.0.
## Cohere
Cohere is an enterprise AI platform that provides several LLMs, including Command, Rerank, and Embed. These models can be custom-trained and fine-tuned to a specific company’s use case. Cohere is not tied to a single cloud, unlike OpenAI, which is bound to Microsoft Azure.
## Ernie
Ernie is Baidu’s large language model, powering the Ernie 4.0 chatbot. Released in August 2023, it has garnered more than 45 million users and is rumored to have 10 trillion parameters. It works best in Mandarin but is capable in other languages.
## Falcon 40B
Developed by the Technology Innovation Institute, Falcon 40B is a transformer-based, causal decoder-only model trained on English data. It is available in two smaller variants: Falcon 1B and Falcon 7B (1 billion and 7 billion parameters). Amazon has made Falcon 40B available on Amazon SageMaker, and it is also available for free on GitHub.
## Llama
Llama is Meta’s LLM, released in 2023. The largest version is 65 billion parameters in size. Llama was originally released to approved researchers and developers but is now open source. It comes in smaller sizes that require less computational power.
## Semantic Kernel
The Microsoft Semantic Kernel is a tool that chains several LLM actions together. It can generate titles, fix grammar, create images, and convert text into a Quarto Markdown file. It has been used to improve the efficiency and organization of blog posts.
## ChatGPT
ChatGPT, which runs on a set of language models from OpenAI, attracted more than 100 million users just two months after its release in 2022. It is one of the most well-known language models today, known for its natural language processing capabilities.
These models have significantly advanced the field of natural language processing and are driving the generative AI boom. They are being used in a variety of applications, from generating text to creating image captions and even solving math problems and writing code.
